Scared emotion4/5/2023 A striking finding ( 13) is that observing bodily expressions activates two well known face areas (inferior occipital gyrus and middle fusiform gyrus) predominantly associated with processing faces but also linked with biological movement ( 6). On the other hand, there appear to be similarities between emotional body expressions and faces. Similarly, a functional MRI study exploring the contrast between objects and neutral body postures revealed activity in lateral occipitotemporal cortex ( 12). Neurons reacting selectively to body posture have been found in recordings from monkey superior temporal sulcus. Evidence from single-cell recordings suggests a degree of specialization for either face or body images ( 9). For example, faces and bodies both have configural properties as indexed by the inversion effect ( 10), and the global structure of the whole body is also an important factor in the perception of biological motion ( 11). Studies on neutral body postures and movements have already revealed some intriguing similarities between visual perception of faces and of bodies. However, to date, it is not known whether these brain areas play a role when humans view body movements expressing emotion. Recent findings in non-human primates have drawn attention to the brain's ability to represent actions through canonical neurons (similarly active when viewing an object and grasping it) and mirror neurons (similarly active when observing an action and performing the action) ( 8, 9). For example, viewing biological movement patterns, which are experienced as pleasant, activates subcortical structures, including the amygdala ( 6), and visual perception of biological motion activates two areas in the occipital and fusiform cortex ( 7). Interestingly, however, some of these same areas also seem to play a role in processing biological movement. Major insights concern the role of the amygdala in concert with that of the fusiform cortex, prefontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), medial frontal cortex, superior temporal sulcus, and somatosensory cortex ( 4, 5). To date, most investigations of the perception of emotion have concentrated on brain activity generated by the recognition of still images of facial expressions, and virtually all that is known about perception of emotion in humans is based on such data.
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